What Is Asperger Syndrome?
Asperger syndrome (AS) is a developmental disorder. It is an
autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one of a distinct group of neurological conditions characterized by a greater or lesser degree of impairment in language and communication skills, as well as repetitive or restrictive patterns of thought and behavior.
Unlike children with autism, children with Asperger syndrome retain their early language skills.
The most distinguishing symptom of Asperger syndrome is a child's obsessive interest in a single object or topic to the exclusion of any other. Children with Asperger syndrome want to know everything about their topic of interest and their conversations with others will be about little else.
Their expertise, high level of vocabulary, and formal speech patterns make them seem like little professors. Other characteristics of Asperger syndrome include:
- Repetitive routines or rituals
- Peculiarities in speech and language
- Socially and emotionally inappropriate behavior (and the inability to interact successfully with peers)
- Problems with nonverbal communication
- Clumsy and uncoordinated motor movements.
Children with Asperger syndrome are isolated because of their poor social skills and narrow interests. They may approach other people, but make normal conversation impossible by inappropriate or eccentric behavior, or by wanting only to talk about their singular interest. Children with Asperger syndrome usually have a history of developmental delays in motor skills such as pedaling a bike, catching a ball, or climbing outdoor play equipment. They are often awkward and poorly coordinated with a walk that can appear either stilted or bouncy.
The ideal treatment for Asperger syndrome coordinates therapies that address the three core symptoms of the disorder:
- Poor communication skills
- Obsessive or repetitive routines
- Physical clumsiness.
There is no single best treatment package for all children with Asperger syndrome, but most healthcare professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better.
An effective treatment program:
- Builds on the child's interests
- Offers a predictable schedule
- Teaches tasks as a series of simple steps
- Actively engages the child's attention in highly structured activities
- Provides regular reinforcement of behavior.
Treatment programs may include social skills training,
cognitive behavioral therapy, medication for coexisting conditions, and other measures.
Prognosis for Asperger Syndrome
With effective treatment, children with Asperger syndrome can learn to cope with their disabilities, but they may still find social situations and personal relationships challenging.
Asperger syndrome is not fatal and does not affect normal life expectancy.
Many adults with Asperger syndrome are able to work successfully in mainstream jobs, although they may continue to need encouragement and moral support to maintain an independent life.
