Autism Spectrum Disorders Research: Brain Studies
Because of its relative inaccessibility, scientists have only recently been able to study the brain systematically. But with the emergence of new brain imaging tools -- computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- study of the structure and the functioning of the brain can be done. With the aid of modern technology and the new availability of both normal and
autism tissue samples to do postmortem studies, researchers will be able to learn much through comparative studies.
Postmortem and MRI studies have shown that many major brain structures are implicated in autism, including the:
- Cerebellum
- Cerebral cortex
- Limbic system
- Corpus callosum
- Basal ganglia
- Brain stem.
Other autism spectrum disorders research is focusing on the role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and epinephrine.
Major Brain Structures Implicated in Autism: Graphic Representation
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Autism Spectrum Disorders Research: Family Impact
Autism spectrum disorders research is being fueled by other recent developments. Evidence points to genetic factors playing a prominent role in the causes for ASD. Twin and family studies have suggested an underlying genetic vulnerability to ASD.
Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that a contributing cause for autism may be abnormal brain development beginning in the infant's first months. This "growth dysregulation hypothesis" holds that the anatomical abnormalities seen in autism are caused by genetic defects in brain growth factors. It is possible that sudden, rapid head growth in an infant may be an early warning signal that will lead to early diagnosis and effective biological intervention or possible prevention of autism.
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